A Combination of Surgical and Chemical Induction in a Rabbit Model for Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Background:: Appropriate animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) are essential to develop new treatment modalities for OA. A combination of surgical and chemical induction could be appropriate for OA models. Methods:: Rabbit knee OA models developed by surgical induction (anterior cruciate ligament transection [ACLT]), chemical induction (monosodium iodoacetate [MIA] injection), and a combination of both were compared to assess compositional and structural destruction of the knee joint. Twenty-one New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups to induce OA (group 1: ACLT, n = 3; group 2: MIA [3, 6, 9 mg] injection, n = 9; group 3: ACLT + MIA [3, 6, 9 mg] injection, n = 9). Results:: In all groups, the Modified Mankin score was significantly higher in the osteoarthritis-induced knee than in the control. Modified Mankin scores were compared by category. The ACLT group was observed to score high in cartilage structure. In the MIA group, chondrocytes and matrix staining showed higher scores, and the ACLT+MIA group scored higher in all categories for cartilage structure, chondrocytes, matrix staining, and tidemark integrity. The ACLT + 3 mg MIA showed definite OA characteristics such as cartilage surface destruction and degeneration of cartilage layers, and the ACLT + 6 mg MIA and ACLT + 9 mg MIA showed more prominent OA characteristics such as cartilage surface destruction, matrix disorganization, and osteophyte formation. Conclusion:: The combination of MIA injection and ACLT could be an appropriate method for OA induction in rabbit models.