A Neurocysticercosis Case from Timor-Leste, A Previously Unidentified Region of Human Taeniasis Endemicity

Neurocysticercosis, a central nervous system infection caused by the zoonotic parasite Taenia solium, is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide. It is common in areas with extensive pig farming and pork consumption. This report presents an unusual case of neurocysticercosis in a 28-year-old male from Timor-Leste, a region of nonendemicity for human cases of Taenia solium. The patient, who had experienced seizures precipitated by headaches, was admitted to the hospital on June 15, 2020. Comprehensive examinations, including neuroimaging, identified multiple cystic lesions suggestive of neurocysticercosis. Initial treatment with praziquantel and prednisolone, as well as levetiracetam, alleviated symptoms. However, symptom recurrence after 5 months prompted additional treatment cycles. This case underscores the importance of increased clinical vigilance in patients from areas of nonendemicity and the challenges in managing neurocysticercosis because of its evolving nature. The global health initiatives aimed at enhancing disease surveillance for human taeniasis are crucial for refining our knowledge on neurocysticercosis.