Advanced hybrid nanomaterials for biomedical applications

As the field of biomedical engineering has become more precise and sophisticated, the demand for highly-functionalized biomaterials has risen. In particular, novel organic/inorganic hybrid biomaterials with two or more chemical, physical, and optical properties are currently being developed and applied in various biomedical fields. In this review, we classify recently created advanced organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials as nanoparticles and nanocomposites and describe their structures, characteristics, and advantages. In addition, we outline the most recent trends in smart organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites (bulk materials) in the fields of medical applications. Finally, we discuss the future direction of the nanomaterials and nanocomposites from the standpoint of current technology and its limitations. Functional organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites, which have both physicochemical properties of organic and inorganic materials, have the potential for use as advanced biomaterials in various biomedical fields, with the ultimate goal of efficiently diagnosing and treating various human diseases.