Bone tumors in pre-modern skulls from human skeletal series of Joseon Dynasty

To date, there are still very few reports on benign-tumor cases based on East Asian skeletal series, even though other regions and continents have been well represented.In our study on the joseon human skeletal series, we identified benign bone tumors in two skeletons (cases Nos. 75 and 96).Our radiological analyses showed both cases to be homogeneous sclerotic bone masses aligned with the cranial vault suture.In a subsequent series of differential diagnoses, we determined both cases to be osteoma, the most common bone-tumor type reported for archaeological samples.Our study is the osteoarchaeological basis for this, the first-ever report on benign bone neoplasm in a pre-modern East Asian population.