Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Korean version of the Central Sensitization Inventory in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study was to establish a Korean version of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-K) for Korean-speaking patients facing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the CSI-K. We recruited a total of 269 patients with knee OA who were scheduled to undergo TKA for the study. CSI-K and pain-related outcomes, including the pain visual analog scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) pain sub-scores, were measured. Since central sensitization (CS) is closely related to the quality of life (QOL) and limited functionality as well as pain, the patient’s function was measured using the WOMAC function sub-scores, and QOL was measured using the EuroQol five-dimension test (EQ-5D). Reliability and validity were evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to begin the data reduction to validate the existing questionnaire translation. The internal consistency was excellent, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.941. The test-retest reliability was acceptable-to-excellent with an ICC of 0.888. As expected, the CSI scores correlated strongly with the WOMAC pain scores (r = 0.524, p < 0.001) and moderately with the pain VAS (r = 0.496, p < 0.001), the WOMAC function (r = 0.408, p < 0.001), and the EQ-5D scores (r = 0.437, p < 0.001). EFA resulted in a six-factor model. The findings demonstrate that the CSI was successfully trans-culturally adapted into a simplified Korean version (CSI-K) that was reliable and valid for Korean-speaking patients who awaiting TKA for knee OA.