Fracture Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Background: Fracture risks and associated factors are poorly understood in middle-aged and older Asian populations with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we investigated fracture risk and the effects of comorbidities and lifestyle habits on the risk of developing fractures in middle-aged and older Korean patients with IBD. Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Corporation Database. Patients with IBD who underwent the National Screening Program and were over 40 years of age were included in the study. We compared patients with age and sex-matched controls. The incidence of fractures, including vertebral, hip, and other sites, was determined using claims data. Results: The risk of total fractures and vertebral fractures was significantly higher in the IBD group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.48; adjusted HR, 1.59, 95% CI, 1.33–1.92, respectively). Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and lack of exercise were associated with increased fracture risk in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In contrast, the risk increases in patients with Crohn’s disease regardless of comorbidities and lifestyle preferences. Conclusion: The risk of bone fracture, especially vertebral fracture, is high in middle-aged and older Korean patients with IBD. Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and lack of exercise are all risk factors associated with bone fractures in patients with UC. These findings are helpful for clinicians to educate patients with IBD on bone health and raise awareness of bone fractures in patients with UC who have specific risk factors.