Long-term effects of rosiglitazone on the progressive decline in renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background/Aims: Thiazolidinediones reduce urinary albumin excretion and may prevent the development of renal injury. We evaluated the long-term effects of rosiglitazone on the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who initially had normal or mildly impaired renal function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60-120 mL/min per 1.73 m ², and normoalbuminuria. Patients were divided into two groups according to their use of rosiglitazone during 3 years of follow-up: those treated with rosiglitazone (rosiglitazone group, n=52) and those treated without rosiglitazone (control group, n=85). Progression of renal dysfunction was defined as a decrease in eGFR of ≥9 mL/min per 1.73 m² after 3 years. Results: A greater difference was observed in the decrease in eGFR between the rosiglitazone and control groups after 3 years (3.8±9.9 vs. 12.6±10.5 mL/min per 1.73 m², p<0.001). Seventeen of 52 (32.7%) patients in the rosiglitazone group and 53 of 85 (62.3%) patients in the control group showed progression of renal dysfunction (p=0.001). The progressors had a longer duration of diabetes (6.7±5.9 vs. 3.9±4.1 years, p=0.002), higher HbA1c levels (7.4±1.8 vs. 6.8±1.3%, p=0.023), and less frequent use of rosiglitazone (24.2 vs. 52.2%, p<0.001) compared to non-progressors. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the use of rosiglitazone was a significant and independent predictor of the progression of renal dysfunction. Conclusions: This study suggests that rosiglitazone theatment slows the progressive deterioration of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.