Novel boron-fluorine functionalized SGCN as multifunctional heterogeneous synergistic photocatalyst for the synthesis of 3,5-diphenyl 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives and cofactor NADH regeneration engineering

In-situ boron-fluorine functionalized sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (BF_x-SGCN, x = 1, 1.5, and 2.0 ml) as a multifunctional heterogeneous synergistic photocatalyst for the cyclization reactions and cofactor regeneration engineering. This refers to a modification of SGCN where boron (B) and fluorine (F) atoms are intentionally introduced, or vacancies of these atoms are created within the SGCN structure. This modification is likely aimed at altering the electronic properties and surface chemistry of SGCN to enhance its photocatalytic activity. It was verified that the numerous active sites and enhanced BF vacancies worked in concert to improve the band gap, photoinduced carrier carriers, and visible light absorption efficiency. In this context, the current research work provides a benchmark example of a BF₁-SGCN photocatalyst for NADH regeneration with excellent yield (73.47 %) in 90 minutes and triggered oxidative cyclization of aromatic primary thioamides (synthesis of 3,5-diphenyl 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives) via N-S bond activation with high yield 94 % in 6 hours under ambient conditions. The goal of the research is to investigate how the photocatalyst's constituent parts can work together to improve performance in certain applications.