Perceptions and Readiness for Generative Artificial Intelligence Implementation Among Oncology Nurses: A Qualitative Study in a Specialized Cancer Hospital

Purpose: In order to bridge the gap between rapid technological changes and the healthcare environment, and to alleviate the burden of nursing tasks, the need for change management must be recognized. Understanding nurses' perceptions of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is essential for the successful implementation of nursing change management. However, existing studies are mostly exploratory in nature, focusing on the utility and applications of generative AI technology. There is a lack of research on its implications for the nursing environment and nursing management. The purpose of this study is to explore in depth the perceptions of nurses at cancer specialty hospitals regarding the application of generative AI, as well as the environmental and contextual factors involved. Methods: This study conducted in-depth interviews with nurses at National Cancer Center, the first cancer specialty hospital in South Korea, from July to August 2024. The semistructured questionnaire was developed based on clinical nursing practice guidelines, and participants were selected considering the various characteristics and situations of nursing tasks. Results: First, nurses at the cancer specialty hospital recognized change management factors in the areas of ‘basic nursing,’ ‘therapeutic intervention,’ ‘nursing during examinations,’ ‘infection control,’ and ‘nursing administration.’ Second, limitations of change management such as ‘decline in nursing proactivity,’ ‘difficulties in building rapport with patients,’ ‘difficulties in providing personalized nursing care,’ ‘patient information breach’ and ‘unclear accountability’ were identified. Third, preparation strategies for change management such as ‘nurse competency improvement,’ ‘legal protection,’ ‘establishing standardized processes,’ and ‘awareness improvement’ were identified. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, academic and practical implications for the application of generative AI in nursing and strategies to enhance nurses’ readiness for its implementation are presented.