Predictors of joint damage in patients with rheu-matoid arthritis: Focus on short-and long-term effects of intra-articular glucocorticoid injections

Background/Aims: To investigate the short-and long-term efficacy of intra-artic-ular glucocorticoid injections (IAGI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: This was a retrospective study of RA patients who had active arthritis in the hand or wrist joints and who received IAGI (or not) as an adjunct to dis-ease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Short-term efficacy was assessed based on changes in the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) after 3 months and long-term efficacy was assessed based on changes in the van der Heijde Sharp score (HSS) of hand radiographs over 2 years. Radiographic progression was de-fined as ΔHSS/year ≥ 2. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of early achievement of low disease activity (LDA) and radiographic progression. Results: Overall, 126 RA patients received IAGI into the hand or wrist joints and 107 were IAGI-naive. After 3 months, 67% of IAGI-treated patients and 48% of IAGI-naive patients achieved LDA (p = 0.002). Over the next 2 years, 35% of patients treated with IAGI showed radiographic progression compared with 27% of IAGI-naive patients (p = 0.2). IAGI plus biologic DMARDs was associated with achievement of LDA in 3 months. Achieving LDA in 3 months (odds ratio [OR], 0.403; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.192 to 0.847), wrist arthritis (OR, 2.408; 95% CI, 1.184 to 4.897), and baseline HSS (OR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.003 to 1.039) were associated with radiographic progression. Conclusions: IAGI was associated with early achievement of LDA. LDA was associated with slower radiographic progression. The wrist is more vulnerable to joint damage and requires more aggressive treatment.