Prevention of diabetes: A strategic approach for individual patients

The 'diabetes epidemic' is an important health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease with gradual deterioration in glucose metabolism which causes multiple systemic complications. Therefore, early intervention in the prediabetic stage is a valuable approach to reduce diabetes development and related complications. Many clinical trials have suggested that lifestyle intervention, including moderate-intensity exercise and diet control, and pharmacologic intervention using metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, anti-obesity drugs and incretin mimics, are effective in preventing diabetes development. However, an individualized approach with careful consideration of the patient's risk status and health economics is needed to perform a successful intervention programmes. In this review, we will summarize the known evidence on treatment- and cost-effectiveness of drug and lifestyle treatment. Additionally, we will propose a strategic approach algorithm that is applicable to clinical practice.