Regional prevalence of dyslipidemia, healthcare utilization, and cardiovascular disease risk in South Korean: A retrospective cohort study

Background: Health disparities between different populations have long been recognized as a problem, and they are still an unsolved public health issue. Many factors can make a difference, and disparities for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are especially pronounced. This study aimed to assess South Korean regional variations for dyslipidemia prevalence, differences in healthcare utilization, and CVD risk. Methods: We used data from 52,377 patients from the National Health Insurance Sampling. Outcome variables were the risk of CVD, healthcare utilization (outpatient vis-its), and healthcare expenditures. A generalized estimating equation model was used to identify associations between the region and CVD risk, a Poisson regression model was used for evaluating outpatient visits, and a generalized linear model (gamma and log link function) was used to evaluate healthcare expenditures. Results: A total of 12,443 (23.8%) patients were diagnosed with CVD. Dyslipidemia prevalence varied by region, and the most frequent dyslipidemia factor was high total cholesterol. CVD risk was increased in low population-density regions compared to high-density regions (odds ratio [OR]: 1.133, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.037–1.238). Healthcare expenditures and outpatient visits were also higher in low-density regions compared to high-density regions. Conclusions: This study provides a regional assessment of dyslipidemia prevalence, healthcare uti-lization, and CVD risk. To bridge differences across regions, consideration should be given not only to general socio-economic factors but also to specific regional factors that can affect these differences, and a region-based approach should be considered for reducing disparities in general health and healthcare quality.