The change of antibiotic susceptibility in febrile urinary tract infection in childhood and adolescence during the last decade

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the pattern of antibiotic resistance in pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs). Materials and Methods: We analyzed the data of entire urine culture tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests performed on hospitalized patients for febrile UTI at the Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital during 2010–2020. A retrospective analysis was performed using medical records of urine culture results and antibiotic susceptibility results in patients with UTIs. Results: We performed urine cultures from 2,491 patients, and identified bacterial types in 1,651 cases. We found that the resistance rates to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, gentamicin, piperacillin, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxa-zole were already over 20% in 2010. The resistance rates to many other antibiotics also steadily increased over time. Among the antibiotics tested in 2020, only amikacin, cefoxitin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tigecycline showed the resistance rates below 20%. Noticeably, ciprofloxacin also showed an increase in the resistance rate from 7.3% in 2010 (S 139 vs. R 11) to 27.78% in 2019 (S 104 vs. R 40) and even over 30% (33.96%) in 2020 (S 35 vs. R 18). Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem in pediatric UTIs. In the treatment of pediatric UTIs, more caution is needed in the use of antibiotics. It may be necessary to apply appropriate antibiotic management programs such as antibiotics steward program for pediatric patients. Failure of a proper response strategy coping with antibiotic resistance may accelerate the resistance crisis.