TY - JOUR
T1 - The influence of overnight orthokeratology on ocular surface and meibomian glands in children and adolescents
AU - Na, Kyung Sun
AU - Yoo, Young Sik
AU - Hwang, Ho Sik
AU - Won Mok, Jee
AU - Kim, Hyun Seung
AU - Joo, Choun Ki
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Contact Lens Association of Opthalmologists, Inc.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of overnight orthokeratology (OOK) on ocular surface and meibomian glands in children and adolescents. Methods: Prospective, noncomparative study included the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear osmolarity, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining, tear film breakup time (TBUT), the Schirmer I test, and meiboscore using noncontact meibography. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL6), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 using impression cytology filter paper was performed. The tests were performed before and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after OOK wear. Results: Fifty-eight subjects using OOK were observed. Significant increases in OSDI score (P=0.0009) and corneal and conjunctival staining score (P<0.0001) were observed compared with baseline values at 36 and 24 months, respectively. Ocular surface and meibomian changes were noted in 2 patients (3.5%). One patient exhibited an increase in OSDI score, concurrent with a decrease in TBUT at 36 months and minor loss of the meibomian gland at the distal portion of the lower lid at 24 months. The other patients exhibited the development of papillary hypertrophy and meibomian gland distortion at 24 months. No significant changes were detected in IL1β, IL6, EGF, or MMP expression after OOK use. Conclusion: Based on the findings, OOK was a relatively safe modality. However, given the potential changes in the meibomian gland and tear film stability, special attention must be paid to children with baseline meibomian gland distortions or a history of allergic conditions.
AB - Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of overnight orthokeratology (OOK) on ocular surface and meibomian glands in children and adolescents. Methods: Prospective, noncomparative study included the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear osmolarity, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining, tear film breakup time (TBUT), the Schirmer I test, and meiboscore using noncontact meibography. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL6), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 using impression cytology filter paper was performed. The tests were performed before and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after OOK wear. Results: Fifty-eight subjects using OOK were observed. Significant increases in OSDI score (P=0.0009) and corneal and conjunctival staining score (P<0.0001) were observed compared with baseline values at 36 and 24 months, respectively. Ocular surface and meibomian changes were noted in 2 patients (3.5%). One patient exhibited an increase in OSDI score, concurrent with a decrease in TBUT at 36 months and minor loss of the meibomian gland at the distal portion of the lower lid at 24 months. The other patients exhibited the development of papillary hypertrophy and meibomian gland distortion at 24 months. No significant changes were detected in IL1β, IL6, EGF, or MMP expression after OOK use. Conclusion: Based on the findings, OOK was a relatively safe modality. However, given the potential changes in the meibomian gland and tear film stability, special attention must be paid to children with baseline meibomian gland distortions or a history of allergic conditions.
KW - Meibomian glands
KW - Ocular surface
KW - Overnight orthokeratology
KW - Tear film
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84952628264&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000196
DO - 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000196
M3 - Article
C2 - 26629959
AN - SCOPUS:84952628264
SN - 1542-2321
VL - 42
SP - 68
EP - 73
JO - Eye and Contact Lens
JF - Eye and Contact Lens
IS - 1
ER -