Trends and management of latent tuberculosis infection in dermatology patients: A retrospective cohort study from 2014 to 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with latent TB infection (LTBI) increasing the risk of active TB, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Dermatological conditions needing immunomodulatory therapies may affect LTBI risk and diagnosis, highlighting the need for targeted screening. Objectives: This study aims to analyze trends in interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) testing, IGRA-positive rates, and LTBI treatment patterns among patients with dermatological disorders from 2014 to 2023. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of dermatology patients who underwent IGRA testing from 2014 to 2023 at Catholic Medical Center was conducted using the clinical data warehouse. Statistical analyses identified trends in IGRA testing, positivity rates, and LTBI treatment patterns. Results: Among 5940 patients who underwent IGRA testing, 21.01% tested positive, with the highest rates in males aged 50–69. Conditions such as panniculitis and palmoplantar pustulosis had elevated IGRA positivity. Of LTBI-positive patients, 47.28% began treatment, but only 29.19% completed it, with the 3HR regimen having the highest completion rate. Conclusion: The increasing trend in IGRA testing reflects heightened awareness and accessibility of LTBI diagnostics. Despite the rise in testing, significant gaps remain in treatment initiation and completion. Addressing gaps in LTBI care is essential for improving patient outcomes and supporting TB control.