Understanding Kummell's Disease: Definition, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment

Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of Kummell’s disease, focusing on its definition, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches. Summary of Literature Review: Hermann Kummell reported the delayed occurrence of post-traumatic vertebral deformities and worsening of clinical symptoms following minor spinal fractures. Later, Kummell’s disease was defined as a condition that causes delayed kyphotic deformity and neurological problems due to spinal fractures. Numerous research efforts and imaging advancements have been made for Kummell’s disease. Results: The diagnosis of Kummell’s disease requires considering the clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and dynamic mobility. Vascular causes and nonunion are implicated in its pathophysiology. The treatment involves conservative approaches and surgical interventions based on symptoms and instability. Various surgical methods, including vertebroplasty and posterior fixation, have been explored, but limited evidence hinders a consensus. Conclusions: Kummell’s disease presents as a progressive osteoporotic compression fracture with the intravertebral cleft, together with and dynamic instability. Conservative and medical treatments are tried first, but if they are unsuccessful or complications arise, surgery may be considered. The choice of treatment depends on analyzing the patient's overall health and spinal condition.