Widefield indocyanine green angiography

Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) has been an important imaging test since its introduction in the 1980s. Now that ICGA is available using the widefield lens, more information on peripheral choroidal vasculature is possible. While conventional ICGA can reveal macular choroidal neovascularization lesions with high resolution, widefield ICGA can demonstrate global changes of choroidal vasculature including dilation of choroidal vessels, vortex ampullae congestion, intervortex anastomosis, and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability. These features are associated with pathophysiology in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy and pachychoroid-associated disease, and uveitis. This chapter reviews the clinical implications of widefield ICGA in retinal and choroidal disorders.